ABSTRACT
PURPOSE@#Successful application experiences on public-private partnership (PPP) in different countries, suggest that PPP could be an option in road traffic injury (RTI) prevention. The present study aims at investigating the applicability of PPP policy in RTI prevention in Iran based on the experts' perspectives.@*METHODS@#This is a qualitative study with grounded theory approach which has been conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2018. The participants were 22 experts in the field of RTIs selected using purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed with content-analysis method.@*RESULTS@#The results were classified under 5 main themes (applicability, scopes and services, challenges, advantages, and strategies) for applying PPP policy and 37 sub-themes. Due to the prevalence of RTIs, the present challenges in public sector, existence of qualified private sector, and successful experiences in other areas, there are opportunities for private sector partnership in prevention of RTIs. Private sector could participate in different scopes and services regarding RTI prevention, including road construction and maintenance, maintenance and provision of vehicles safety and public education. The main challenges including legislation issues, ambiguities in collaboration, political and organizational unsustainability, government's financial hardship and lack of experienced experts in the field of RTI. However, there are significant advantages including high efficiency in program implementation, covering the weaknesses of public sector, effective and efficient management on application of PPP in RTI prevention. The strategies include identifying and prioritizing the assignable activities, identifying the qualified private sector, developing PPP policies and legal frameworks, creating a common language between public and private parties, trying to meet the expectations of the private sector by public sector, developing a comprehensive and sound contract, and cultivating public culture to accept private sector in the field of RTI prevention.@*CONCLUSION@#This study sought to determine whether PPP could be used as strategy to reduce the burden of RTIs in Iran. But it requires a lot of preliminary studies to provide the context and conditions for applying this policy.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Accidental Injuries , Accidents, Traffic , Expert Testimony , Iran , Public-Private Sector Partnerships , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Background: Injury to posterior cruciate ligament [PCL] compared to the anterior cruciate ligament is not common. The damage has been reported that 3 to 20%. The goal of treatment is to prevent degenerative changes and improvement of patients function. The ideal treatment for posterior cruciate ligament [PCL] injuries is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament two ways with full arthroscopic and arthroscopic with arthroscopic with minimal invasive open
Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 36 patients with grade 3 ligament injuries candidates to reconstruction were studied. They were in two groups of 18 subjects matched for age and types of injury were selected. The clinical, functional improvement and treatment failure were evaluated
Results: 18 patients underwent arthroscopic reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament with mean aged 42.9 +/- 7.7 compared with 18 patients with mean aged 38.2 +/- 8.2 in group with arthroscopic with minimal invasive open. Tegner scores and Lyshom score performance between the two groups were not statistically significant. Infection and knee motion limitation were not observed in the two groups. Positive posterior drawer test[PDT] was in All arthroscopic procedures in 1 [6/5%]patients and in arthroscopic with minimal invasive open were in 2[11.1%]. The mean posterior tibial displacement in both groups after the reconstruction of 4 millimeters and there was no statistically difference. Severity of pain after arthroscopic technique with miniapproach was significantly higher
Conclusion: Arthroscopy and arthroscopic technique with mini-approach reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament is favorable clinical outcomes in both methods. It seems to arthroscopic technique with minimal open approach to posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was to be little benefit to patients. Selection of operation approach was related to our equipment
ABSTRACT
Introduction: More than seventeen millions people die due to cardiovascular diseases which account for one third of death worldwide. Half of 60% of all mortality caused by acquired diseases throughout the world is due to heart disorders and this ratio will augment to 73% by 2020. It is known that individual lifestyle has a great influence on the well-being of cardiovascular system. Seven of the top ten etiologies leading to death are related to the pattern of lifestyle. This study explored various lifestyle-related factors affecting ischemic conditions
Method: This study was performed as a case control investigation on 65 subjects along with 65 controls who were all admitted at Sevome Shaaban hospital in Damavand town of Iran. All data] demographic and life-style variables] were gathered, using three different types of questionnaire obtained from each person. p< 0.05 was considered as significant
Results: Age, marriage status, smoking, physical activities, diet and mental health condition were shown to have a significant effect on ischemia [P <0.001]. Insufficient physical activities, fatty and low fiber food as well as impaired psychology conditions were among the risk factors that contributed to Ischemic heart disease
Conclusion: Insufficient physical activities, fatty and low fiber food as well as impaired psychology conditions were among the risk factors that contribute to ischemic heart disease